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How to quickly understand how the program works and show your output.

machine learning 

how to build a machine learning model

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Estimated reading time: 1 minute

In this video on how to build a machine learning model, the first of eight, we will take you through the initial questions you should as before looking to build your model.

This is the first video of eight that will explain what is machine learning, the benefits of it and some examples of companies doing it at the moment.

This series of machine learning model tutorials, will look to explain the concepts and steps involved to help get a better understanding of how you would go about building the model to better understand your data and customers.

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Definition Python 

What are the reserved keywords in Python

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What are python reserved keywords?

When coding in the Python language there are particular python reserved words that the system uses, which cannot be accessed as a variable or a function as the computer program uses them to perform specific tasks.

When you try to use them, the system will block it and throws out an error. Running the below code in Python

import keyword
keywordlist = keyword.kwlist
print(keywordlist)


Produces the below keyword values
['False', 'None', 'True', 'and', 'as', 'assert', 'async', 'await', 'break', 'class', 'continue', 'def', 'del',
'elif', 'else', 'except', 'finally', 'for', 'from', 'global', 'if', 'import', 'in', 'is', 'lambda', 'nonlocal',
'not', 'or', 'pass', 'raise', 'return', 'try', 'while', 'with', 'yield']

When writing your code, it is important to follow the following guidelines:

(A) Research the keywords first for the language you are writing in.

(B) Ensure that your programming language highlights keywords when used, so you can fix the issue.

(C) Setup your computer program in debug mode to highlight keywords use.

With some programs running into thousands of lines of code, with additional functions and variables, it can become harder to spot the problem, so good rigour in the initial stages of coding will help down the road any issues that you may find that need to fixed.

This code was run in Python version 3.8

Python Tutorial Python working with excel 

Python Tutorial: How to create charts in Excel

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Estimated reading time: 2 minutes

Taking it further with a python excel chart.

We have created some video content here using Python with Excel that illustrates the different ways you can leverage Python to

  • Data cleanse
  • Find unwanted characters
  • And see if the file is empty before import!

What this video is giving as output

Here we are looking to introduce charts in Excel, and how how to use Python to easily work with your data and export to an excel sheet.

Below is the final output of our two charts, this is for illustrative purposes, and is taken from the Irish Governments website as at 1st May 2020, importing the cell ranges associated with them.

A barchart of covid cases bullt in Python a line chart of covid cases built in Python

How we went about it

In the below video on creating a python excel chart, we have approached this as follows:

 

  • Created four separate data frames, they are the four regions that will feed into the creation of the graphs.
  • Separate to this, we merged the four data frames into one, to use with the bar chart.

And to finish off

If you like what this video has explained, please click to see our YouTube channel for more informative videos.

Data Analytics Ireland

 

Python Python Tutorial Python working with files 

How to check if a file is empty

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Estimated reading time: 2 minutes

Ever wondered how to go about checking if a file is empty?

A problem you may come across in Data Analytics that when you are importing a file as outlined in this post Python – How to import data from files is how do we know if the files are empty or not before import?

In the world of data, there are several reasons to check :

  • You have an automated process relying on the import not been empty.
  •  A process that preceded you receiving the file did not work.
  • The amount of time and effort to investigate the problem causes undue work to fix.

The nuts and bolts of it all

Here we have a video that looks at different scenarios on how to bring in files. The following functionality appears in this video:

  • os.path.getsize – This looks to get the file size attached to the file. * Please see note below
  • pd.read_csv
  • pd.read_excel

The add on bits

*One note about os.path.getsize, which we found:

  • It only works in the logic provided if the size of the file is zero KB.
  •  CSV and XLSX files even though they where created empty, when saved had a file size greater than zero.
  •  TXT files, when created empty and saved, had a file size of zero.

 

Hope this video helps explain further how empty files can be checked in python before they are processed.

Thanks!

Data Analytics Ireland

Python Dataframe 

hide a column from a data frame

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Estimated reading time: 2 minutes

They say there is nowhere to hide, we disagree!
As an addition to How to add a column to a dataframe would you like to learn to go and hide it?! This video has several steps in it; following each one will give you a good introduction.

To start why you would like to hide a column?

  • You may not want to reveal its output as it is sensitive information.
  • The data in the column is not in the correct format, you will want to repurpose it, so it is the way you want it.
  •  The column could be a calculated column. Hence it serves as an intermediary step before your data frame is output.

Finding the best way to hide unwanted data:

In this video, we introduce several concepts to help not show a column:

  • Specify the actual columns you want to include in the data frame, by default doing this you are excluding the column or columns you don’t want to see.
  •  We use drop, to explicitly tell the data frame not to show a particular column.
  •  Also, we display a scenario whereby you have a calculated column but do not want to show its output, based on one of the reasons outlined above.
  • Finally, the index of the column can appear in the output, so we have shown through set_index how to hide it from what is displayed.

This latest in the Python Dataframe series looks to build on the knowledge in the previous examples. We hope as you learn python online, it will increase your programming skills.

Thanks for watching and don’t forget to like and share through our social media buttons to the right of this page.

Data Analytics Ireland

Python Lists Python Tutorial 

Python Tutorial: How to sort lists

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Estimated reading time: 2 minutes

Following on from our post on how to use Python lists have you ever wondered how to sort lists for your Python project?

Our latest video on lists will go through some of the techniques available so that you can get an idea of how to structure your data and sort.

Getting to understand how to implement

In this latest video we will look at:

  • sort() method
  • sorted() function
  • sorting a list through a function

 

Adding in those extra bits to help make the process smoother

Have you thought about sorting ascending/descending?

  • There is also a discussion on this topic as well, and while an index is available for the list, which you may feel does not merit sorting, there could be other logical reasons to implement sorting.
  • Leaving out the reverse = True/False in the sorted method can have an impact, though if you require it left out of the list you have created, automatic ascending will be the default.

On this channel, we have discussed a number of different ways to manage your data. In thinking about sorting a list, why would you want to do this?

Some common reasons are:

  • To visually see if there are duplicates, either on the screen or printed out.
  • If other objects are dependant on the list, say a combo box, then having duplicates visible can help to reduce the size of their contents.
  • Iteration – If you are looking to iterate over a list, it will be quicker if it is sorted.

If you want to learn about lists, using them, and how how they can be iterated over, why not visit Data Analytics Ireland YouTube channel, there are lots of videos there that will help explain the concepts discussed here further.

To get some more links on this topic click here python sort method, it is a blog posting from our website that has some useful links and explanations for you.