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Functions

A function returns a result of some code processed.

Python type error 

TypeError: ‘float’ object is not callable

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So you have been presented with the TypeError: ‘float’ object is not callable in Python, but unsure how to fix? Well read on so we can get you a solution.

First things an overview of a Float

A float is any number that can contain a decimal place separating an integer from the fractions to the right of the decimal point.

As an example, in the below code, we have the exact same number. But when a computer comes to read it, it treats them differently, due to the fact that b has a decimal point and a fraction to the right of it.

a = 1
b = 1.0

print (type(a))
print (type(b))

Output:
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>

So how in a piece of code would this error occur?

In the below code, the error occurs. The reason behind this is that float is an actual function that changes a value to a float data type.

As a result, you cannot assign a variable name as “float” and then call it separately in its code. Python specifically does not allow a programmer to use a function as a variable name.

a= float(10)
b= float(11)
c= float(12)
float = a

d = float(a/b*c)
print(d)

Output:
d = float(a/b*c)
TypeError: 'float' object is not callable

So how is this fixed?

In order to fix this, we rename the variable “float” to something else, and make sure that the new name is not another function name!

As can be seen when we do this, the below output runs as expected with no errors:

a= float(10)
b= float(11)
c= float(12)
float_value = a   ===> This line was corrected from above from "float" to "float_value"

d = float(a/b*c)
print(d)

Output: 
10.909090909090908

In summary the crux of this problem is that when creating a variable, it cannot be a function name.

You can see similar posts here on TypeErrors.

Have you seen these posts?

TypeError: ‘float’ object is not callable

TypeError: ‘int’ object is not callable

Python type error 

TypeError: ‘int’ object is not callable

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Estimated reading time: 1 minute

We have posted several python solutions to TypeErrors here on the website. Here is another one we hope you will find useful in solving a programming issue you may have.

So what does the error mean?

In the below code, we have four variables that have been assigned an integer.

a= 10
b= 11
c= 12
int= 13

d = int(a/b*c)
print(d)

As can be seen we also have a variable d that is assigned to a function int , that is using the variables a,b,c.

As int is a function it cannot be assigned as a variable, and for this reason the below error will appear:

d = int(a/b*c)
TypeError: 'int' object is not callable

So how can this be fixed?

The solution to this is quite straight forward, it is important not to assign a function as a variable. The fix you would apply is as follows:

Incorrect code:

a= 10
b= 11
c= 12
int = 13  ===> change this line to fix the error

d = float(a/b*c)
print(d)

Corrected code:
a= 10
b= 11
c= 12
int_value = 13  ===> corrected line of code
d = float(a/b*c)
print(d)

Giving you the result:
10

As can also be seen with TypeError: ‘str’ object is not callable assign variables to functions should be avoided at all cost.

R Programming 

R Tutorial: How to pass data between functions

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When starting to look at functions and having tested them in Python and Javascript, it was quickly apparent how programming languages are so similar.

Except for the syntax you use in each; the programming is quite similar.

The purpose of this video is to:

  • Start on using functions from the ground up.
  • Don’t over-complicate the example; keep it easy enough to follow.

How to write the code to pass data between functions

As this is a short video, the code that went into making it is pretty straight forward

# create a function
function.a <- function(){
  newvarb <- 2
}

function.b <- function(){
  newvarb <- function.a()*2 # this takes in the value of function a and multiplies it by two
}
print(function.b()) # Prints out the value of function b

Below is the video that will take you through each line, and show the output that we are looking to achieve

How can we use this in our projects

No matter what programming language you use or choose to learn, the concept of functions will appear in some shape or form. Their ability to quickly run a repeatable process and return a value, which can be called from anywhere in a program allows the programmer to reduce their coding time swiftly and reduce repetitive tasks that only need to run once.

This video has an equivalent in Python, and you can see it here  Python Functions – passing data between them

Data Analytics Ireland

Python Functions Python Tutorial 

how to pass data between functions

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Estimated reading time: 2 minutes

In this python program, we are learning how to pass data between functions. 

In light of this, you will use and see functions in many programming languages and data analytics projects.

As a result, the ability to understand them has become important.

Functions serve a number of benefits:

  • You can pass a number of arguments to them to be processed.
  • It reduces repetition as the function can be called from many places with a program.
  • They are easily identified by using the def keyword in your code.
  • A return statement can give you the output of the function to show on the screen or pass to another function.

It compliments r-tutorial-how-to-pass-data-between-functions/  as a result this is a handy bit of functionality used widely across many different programming languages.

Below is a video that will help to give an understanding of how to pass data between functions when trying to learn python:

 

In many of the Data Analytics Ireland    YouTube channel videos, there is an emphasis on creating content that eliminates duplication of code within the code.

We have also started incorporating classes as well and you can see here How to create a class in Python, a tutorial on how to create one.

Classes by their nature have methods, which are called on the objects that created them ( the class), and can alter their state, whereas a function will run and just return a value.

It is important to understand the distinction as while the two will most likely achieve the same outcome, it is the ability to change the class state that will differentiate the two.